Patients whose kidneys have failed typically cannot get a transplant quickly or may not qualify for transplant. To survive, patients require renal replacement therapy or dialysis. Dialysis requires access to the blood stream with the ability to remove and return a large volume of blood quickly. Surgery is required to create a connection between the arterial system and the venous system. This connection can then be accessed for efficient dialysis bridging a patient until they get a transplant or as a definitive therapy (Dialysis Access).